TikTok Usage and Body Image: The Mediating Role of Social Comparison Among Gen Z

ABSTRACT : TikTok has rapidly gained popularity among Generation Z (Gen Z), exposing users to curated, appearance-focused content that may shape body image perceptions. This study examines the relationship between TikTok usage and body image concerns among Gen Z, focusing on the mediating role of social comparison with peers and influencers. Grounded in social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954), the research explores how different comparison targets (close peers, distant peers, and influencers) influence body dissatisfaction. Using a cross-sectional online survey with 88 Gen Z participants, the study reveals that upward comparisons with influencers significantly impact negative body image, whereas comparisons with peers have a weaker effect. Despite frequent engagement with social media, Gen Z users demonstrate awareness of the unrealistic portrayals on TikTok, which may mitigate some negative influences. The findings underscore the need for social media literacy initiatives and algorithmic interventions to promote body-positive content.

KEYWORDS: TikTok Usage, Body Image, Social Comparison, Gen Z, close peers, distant peers, influencers